THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


X  Q.  BAKEH 

LAWYER 


COMPACT   EDITION 
of  the 

WHITSTOCK 

STANDARD 
SHORTHAND 
S  Y  S  1^  E  M 


Price  $1.00 


Published   by 

WHITSTOCK   SHORTHAND   COMPANY,  Inc. 

122     WEST     12th     STREET 

NEW   YORK   CITY 


Copyright  1916 

BY 

OTTO  M.  WHITSTOCK 


All  rights  reserved 


PREFACE 

The  characters  employed  in  Standard  Shorthand 
are  truly  Script;  every  stroke  can  be  traced  to 
ordinary  longhand. 

Consonants  and  vowels  are  joined  in  a  natural 
manner  without  stopping,  in  the  same  consecutive 
order  in  which  they  are  pronounced. 

Every  vowel  sound  is  indicated  by  a  distinct  down- 
stroke.  The  vowels  are  arranged  in  groups  as  in 
standard  dictionaries. 

Being  strictly  phonetic,  Standard  Shorthand  can 
!^  be  easily  adapted  to  any  modern  language,  especially 
*"  Spanish.  The  early  issue  of  a  Spanish  adaptation 
>    of  the  system  is  contemplated. 

g       In    Standard   Shorthand   the   consonants   are   in- 
3   dicated  by  either  upstrokes  or  sidestrokes,  which  can 

be  easily  extended  or  written  through  the  writing 

line  to  form  compounds. 

Any  person   of   average   intelligence   and  educa- 

**    tion  may  easily  acquire  a  complete  knowledge  of 

^     Standard  Shorthand  in  a  few  hours.    For  this  reason 

the  system  is  a  boon  to  all  professional  men,  college 

students  and  children  attending  public  schools. 

3        Standard  Shorthand  is  a  new  departure  in  short 
P    writing,  and  is  bound  to  supplant  the  old  and  obsolete 
^    methods    of    the    Nineteenth    Century.      It    is    un- 
surpassed  as   to   legibility,   ease   of   execution   and 
brevity  of  outlines. 

Otto  M.  Whitstock, 
Author  of  Standard  Shorthand 

122  West  12th  Street, 
New  York  City. 

April,  1916. 


4483G(> 


ADVICE  TO  BEGINNERS 


Learn  the  shorthand  characters  thoroughly  and 
in  this  way  avoid  the  loss  of  time  necessary  to 
refresh  your  memory. 

Do  not  start  a  new  paragraph  until  you  have  thor- 
oughly mastered  the  preceding  one. 

Write  at  first  upon  ruled  paper,  preferably  with 
double  lines,  about  one-eighth  of  one  inch  apart,  as 
used  in  the  lower  classes  of  public  schools. 

Use  either  a  medium  grade  pencil,  or  a  suitable 
fountain  pen,  and  hold  same  as  you  would  in  or- 
dinary writing. 

Copy  the  examples  given  in  the  manual  carefully 
and  repeatedly,  reading  them  aloud. 

Endeavor  to  accustom  yourself  to  a  correct  and 
uniform  height  and  slope,  which  corresponds  with 
your  writing  of  longhand. 

Write  slowly  and  carefully  at  first  and  do  not  at- 
tempt to  increase  your  speed  until  you  have  fully 
mastered  the  system. 


Read    -    -    Write    -    -    Persevere 


PART  I 

1.  CONSONANTS  are  arranged  in  pairs  and 
can  be  easily  memorized.  The  height  of  up- 
strokes is  always  the  same  when  indicating 
single  characters.  The  height  shown  in  the 
shorthand  text  of  this  manual  is  recommended 
to  those  employing  letters  of  average  size  in 
longhand. 

T  is  written  almost  vertical, 

D  is  written  more  slanting. 

Both  characters  are  upstrokes. 

5"  is  indicated  by  a  short  and  light  dash  for  use 
after  vowels. 

SH  is  indicated  by  a  somewhat  longer  dash. 

Both  characters   are   sidestrokes  and  must  be 
written  horizontally. 

2.  VOWELS  are  indicated  by  downstrokes 
ending  on  the  writing  line.  Throughout  the 
system  they  stand  out  quite  distinctly,  forming 
a  natural  writing  line  and  dispensing  with  the 
necessity  of  using  ruled  note  hooks. 

£  is  a  very  common  vowel  and  has,  therefore, 
been  given  the  plain  downstroke.  The  first 
thought  of  beginners  that  it  can  clash  with  the 
letter  t  is  quite  erroneous,  as  the  latter  charac- 
ter is  a  light  upstroke,  and  the  vowel  a 
heavy    downstroke. 

The  light  vowel  sound  e,  as  in  het,  is  indi- 
cated by  a  lighter  downstroke.  In  practical 
writing  the  distinction  between  heavy  and  light 
downstrokes,  although  easily  and  naturally  ef- 
fected, is  rarely  employed,  as  the  text  itself 
will   indicate  the  proper  vowel   sound. 


The  obtuse  vowel  sound,  usually  found  in 
medial  or  final  syllables  y,  ey,  is  indicated  by  re- 
ducing the  plain  downstroke  to  a  tick. 

3.  CHARACTERS  ARE  JOINED  naturally  as  in 
ordinary  writing — the  second  character  begin- 
ning where  the  first  character  ends,  and  so 
forth.  As  all  vowels  are  written  on  the  line, 
initial  sidestrokes  must  necessarily  be  written 
above  the  line  in  order  to  bring  the  vowel  in 
position, 

te,  de,  se,  she;  et,  ed,  es,  esh. 

4.  SILENT  LETTERS  are  invariably  omitted. 

Debt  is  written  det,  dead  is  written  ded,  eat  is 
written  et,  tease  is  written  tes. 

For  this  reason,  beginners  are  strongly  recom- 
mended to  pronounce  shorthand  outlines 
aloud,  character  for  character. 

5.  TH  is  indicated  by  shortening  the  upstroke 
representing  t. 

death,  thee. 

6.  INITIAL  S,  followed  by  a  vowel,  is  very  fre- 
quent and  it  has  been  found  eminently  practical 
to  indicate  it  by  means  of  lengthened  down- 
strokes  ending  on  the  writing  line,  which  take 
no  longer  to  execute  than  ordinary  downstrokes. 

se;  seat,  seed,  seas,  seethe. 

7.  EXAMPLES :  deed,  easy,  says,  seedy,  set,  shed, 
sheet,  teeth,  these. 


I:-    ■ 
PART    II       ..,,,.. 

8.  P,  B  (upstrokes);  R,  CHAY  (horizontal  side- 
strokes). 

9.  A  is  the  second  most  important  vowel  sound, 
and  is  indicated  by  a  hooked  downstroke.  The 
short  a  sound,  as  in  cat,  is  indicated  by  a  lighter 
outline. 


10.    pay,  ape,  hay,  rape,  chap,  hatch. 


11.  When  r  follows  a  vowel,  the  r  outline  may  be 
omitted  and  the  sound  indicated  by  simply  con- 
tinuing the  vowel  downstroke  through  the 
line,  except  when  followed  by  another  down- 
stroke. 

pear    (but:    parry),    hear,   rare,   chair,    third, 
church. 


12.  When  a  sidestroke  occurs  between  t  w  o 
vowels,  the  first  of  which  is  initial,  the 
first  vowel  is  written  above  the  line  in 
order  to  bring  the  second  vowel  in  position  on 
the  writing  line. 

array,  arrcar. 


13.    When  the  long  vowel  ah  is  followed  by  r,  the 
outline  for  the  short  vowel  a  may  be  used. 

par,  part,  har,  parch. 


PART    III 

14.  KAY,  GAY  (upstrokes);  L,  JAY  (horizontal 
sidestrokes). 

15.  0  is  indicated  by  a  small  loop  written  to  the 
right  and  joining  a  plain,  heavy  downstroke. 
The  short  o  and  u  sounds,  as  in  dot,  dove,  tough 
are  denoted  by  a  lighter  outline. 

16.  coat,  goat,  Joe;  cod,  log,  judge. 

17.  When  final  I  follows  a  downstroke,  it  is 
unnecessary  to  complete  the  I  character.  The 
I  sound  may  be  indicated  by  curving  the  down- 
stroke  slightly  to  the  left. 

coal    (but:    collie),    goal    (but:    golly),    loll 
(but:  jolly). 

18.  The  plain  consonant  strokes  t,  d,  may  be  added, 
thus :"  colt,  gold,  jolt. 


PART    IV 

19.  F,  V  (upstrokes) ;  A'^,  M  (horizontal  side- 
strokes). 

Both  upstrokes  are  of  the  same  height,  but 
V  is  more  slanting  than  /.  Both  sidestrokes 
are  alike,  but  m  is  longer  than  n. 

20.  /  is  indicated  by  a  heavy  downstroke  curved 
from  right  to  left.  The  short  vowel  i,  as  in  bit, 
is  indicated  by  a  lighter  outline. 

21.  fie,  vie,  if,  nigh,  in,  my;  fee,  fate,  vote. 

22.  NG  is  a  very  frequent  sound  and  has,  there- 
fore, been  given  a  distinctive  character.  It  is 
indicated  by  the  first  half  of  the  letter  n,  written 
somewhat  heavy. 

thing,  things,  length,  mink. 

10 


23.  Where  convenient,  n  and  tn,  when  followed  by 
other  consonants,  may  be  indicated  by  using 
only  the  first  half  of  the  outline. 

fined,  fines,  ninth,  mint,  lambkin,  nymph,  lamp, 
Bombay. 


PART    V 

24.  PV-IVH,  YAY,  H. 

These  three  sounds  are  indicated  by  curved 
outlines  of  three  different  lengths,  but  may  in 
most  cases  be  omitted. 

25.  The  outline  W-WH  is  only  used  initially  when 
the  vowel  following  it  is  subject  to  the  r  rule 
in  paragraph  11,  part  2.  In  other  cases,  initial 
W-WH  is  indicated  by  placing  the  entire  outline 
below  the  writing  line.  This  rule  also  ap- 
plies to  words  beginning  with  aw  and  awh,  in 
which  case  the  prefix  a  may  be  indicated  by  a 
small  a  character  written  on  the  line. 

word,  worth,  worse,  twice,  thwack,  dwell,  quite, 
acquaint;  we,  wait,  whence,  why,  aware,  awoke. 

26.  YAY  is  usually  an  initial  sound.  When  the 
sound  occurs  medially  between  two  consonants, 
it  may  be  indicated  by  a  small  y  tick. 

yet,  yard;  alien,  onion. 

27.  H  is  used  initially  when  the  vowel  following 
it  is  immediately  followed  by  a  sidestroke  and 
a  second  vowel,  or  when  the  outline  is  subject 
to  the  r  rule  in  paragraph  11,  part  2.    At  other 


times,  where  the  sound  h  occurs  initially,  it  is 
indicated  by  placing  the  entire  outline  above 
the  writing  line.  This  rule  also  applies  to  words 
beginning  with  ah,  in  which  case  the  prefix  a 
may  be  indicated  by  a  small  a  character,  and  the 
entire  outline  placed  above  the  line. 

hero,  hollow,  hurt;  he,  hair,  Jiigli,  alia,  aJiead. 

28.  AH.  The  soft  vowel  ah,  except  when  followed 
by  r,  may  be  indicated  by  simply  enlarging  the 
hook  of  the  short  a  character. 

palm,  aunt;  but:  ant,  art,  arm. 

29.  AW.  The  long  vowel  aw  is  indicated  by  an 
outline  resembling  somewhat  the  figure  3. 

balk,  malt,  taught,  bought,  vault,  war. 


PART    VI 

30.  OW,  00,  EU. 

The  above  vowel  compounds  are  denoted  by 
light  irregular  downstrokes. 

owl,  book,  feud. 

31.  01,  00   (long). 

The  outline  for  oi,  in  order  to  distinguish  it 
from  ozv,  is  written  heavier.  The  outline 
for  the  long  oo  sound,  as  in  boot,  in  order  to 
distinguish  it  from  the  short  oo  sound,  as  in 
foot,  is  written  heavy. 

oil,  booty. 

18 


32.  When  either  of  the  above  characters  is  followed 
by  p,  b,  r,  ch,  the  last  half  of  the  downstrokes 
may  be  omitted  so  that  the  hooked  consonant 
character  may  be  more  readily  joined. 

pouch,  loop,  dupe. 

33.  Where  FINAL  T  or  D  \s  immediately  preceded 
by  another  consonant  (excepting  short  length 
characters),  the  sound  may  be  indicated  by 
lengthening  the  outline  of  the  preceding 
consonant, 

peep,   peeped;   life,   lift;   dash,   dashed;   reach, 
reached;  but:  art,  built,  ant,  empty. 

34.  When  TH  is  immediately  preceded  or  followed 
by  another  upstroke,  which  rarely  occurs,  the 
joining  point  is  indicated  by  a  meaningless  dot. 

bathed,  depth. 

35.  Where  the  5"  SOUND  is  immediately  preceded 
or  followed  by  a  plain  consonant,  it  may  be 
indicated  simply  by  a  do  t. 

stay,  tax,  taxed,  danced. 

36.  Where  the  ^  sound  is  immediately  preceded  or 
followed  by  a  hooked  or  curved  con- 
sonant, it  may  be  indicated  by  forming  a  circle, 

speed,  sphere,  snow,  swim. 

37.  Where  the  s  sound,  followed  by  a  consonant, 
occurs  immediately  after  a  vowel,  it  is  written 
thus: 

east,  lisp,  task,  reason. 

13 


PART  VII 

38.  Where  the  SOUND  R  immediately  follows  an 
initial  full  size  upstroke,  the  r  outline  is  omitted 
and  the  sound  indicated  by  lengthening 
the  initial  upstroke  and  writing 
it  through  the  line.  Where  such  up- 
stroke is  preceded  by  an  initial  short  vowel,  the 
vowel  sound  may  be  indicated  by  a  small 
character  joined  to  the  balance  of  the  outline. 

tea,    tree,   street,    spray,    bride,   script,    astray, 
astride. 

39. .  Where  r  immediately  follows  initial  TH  or  SH, 
the  r  outline  must  be  written  in  full. 

three,  through,  shred,  shrink. 

40.  When  FINAL  R  follows  a  consonant,  the  r 
character  may  be  indicated  by  simply  curving 
the  preceding  stroke  to  the  left,  instead  of 
completing  the  r  character.  FINAL  RS  may 
be  indicated  by  continuing  the  curve  to  form 
a  small  circle;  FINAL  RT  or  RD  may  be 
indicated  by  a  larger  circle. 

better,  betters,  bettered;  manner,  manners,  man- 
nered. 

41.  Where  the  SOUND  L  immediately  follows  an 
initial  upstroke,  the  I  outline  is  omitted  and  the 
sound  indicated  by  lengthening  the 
initial  upstroke,  thus  bringing  the  fol- 
lowing vowel  outline  above  the  writing 
line.  This  rule  may  also  be  applied  to  words 
where  an  initial  short  vowel  immediately  pre- 
cedes the  upstroke. 

pay,  play,  glow;  apply,  ablaze. 

14 


42.  Where  FINAL  L  follows  a  consonant,  the  I 
character  may  be  indicated  by  simply  curving 
the  preceding  stroke  to  the  right,  instead 
of  completing  the  I  character.  FINAL  LS  may 
be  indicated  by  continuing  the  curve  to  form  a 
small  circle;  FINAL  LT  or  LD  may  be  in- 
dicated by  a  larger  circle. 

total,  totals,  totalled;  trouble,  troubles,  troubled. 

43.  MEDIAL  L  is  written  in  full,  unless  followed 
by  plain  consonant  characters. 

help,  elbozv,  sohc,  elk,  elm;  but:  dealt,  Welsh. 


PART    VIII 

PREFIXES 


PREFIXES  are  generally  indicated  by  the 
principal  character  of  their  outlines,  and  do  not 
govern  the  position  of  the  word. 

Where  prefixes,  indicated  by  consonant  out- 
lines, are  followed  by  hooked  characters,  the 
outlines  should  join  by  means  of  an  angle. 
Otherwise  a  small    tick    is  used. 

44.  ab,  ac,  ad  are  indicated  by  a  small  a  character, 
as  in: 

abstract,  advice,  adhere. 

45.  Where  the  s  sound  occurs  between  the  above 
prefixes  and  another  downstroke,  the  .y  outline 
must  be  used  to  indicate  the  sound,  as  in: 

accent,  accept. 

15 


40.    be  is  indicated  by  the  b  outline,  as  in: 
become,  betake,  bemoan. 

47.  CO,  con,  com  are  indicated  by  the  k  character, 
as  in : 

correct,  condense,  compact,  commence. 

48.  de,  di  are  indicated  by  d,  as  in: 

debase,  delay,  disable,  distract,  display,  describe, 
dislike. 

49.  en,  in,  mi  \  are  indicated  by  n  and  m  respec- 
em,  im,  um  f   lively,  as  in : 

entire,  intense,  uncertain,  inspire,  inhale;  em- 
power, impress,  imbibe. 

60.  ex  is  indicated  by  a  small  tick  which  may  be 
written  somewhat  slanting  from  left  to  right,  as 
in: 

extend,  expense,  exclude,  except. 

51.  re  is  indicated  by  an  r  outline,  as  in : 
repair,  retake,  regret,  receipt. 

52.  with  is  indicated  by  the  w  curve,  as  in: 
-without,  withstood,  withdraw. 

SUFFIXES 

Suffixes  are  generally  indicated  by  their  prin- 
cipal character,  except  in  a  few  instances  where 
it  has  been  found  advisable  to  give  them  special 
outlines. 

16 


53.   fold,  hold  are  indicated  by  the  Id  circle,  as 
in: 

tenfold,  blindfolded;  leasehold,  freehold. 

64.   graph  is  indicated  by  g,  as  in : 

autograph,  telegraphy,  stenographer. 

55.  ic  is  indicated  by  a  reversed  tick,  as  in : 
topic,  panic,  authentic. 

56.  ific  is  indicated  by  a  larger  reversed  tick,  as  in : 
specific,  pacific,  terrific. 

57.  ing  is  indicated  by  ng,  as  in: 
saying,  betting,  knowing,  meaning. 

68.    ment  is  indicated  by  either  half  of  the  m  out- 
line, as  in : 

payment,  argument,  appointment. 

59.  shun    is    indicated    by    a    small    descending    n 
character,  as  in: 

nation,  patient,  stationer,  rational;  action. 

60.  ture,  tual,  tune  are  written  without  the  vowel, 
as  in : 

nature,  fixture,  actual,  fortune. 


These  examples  of  prefixes  and  suffixes  are 
given  to  illustrate  the  possibilities  of  the  system. 


17 


APPENDIX 


FREQUENT  WORDS 

Quoting  from  Leonard  P.  Ayres,  "A  Measur- 
ing Scale  for  Ability  in  Spelling"  (issued  by  the 
Division  of  Education,  Russell  Sage  Founda- 
tion), which  contains  a  list  of  one  thousand 
frequent  words: 

".  .  .  these  figures  show  that  the  50  com- 
monest words  (from  a  list  of  100,000  words) 
are  repeated  so  frequently  that  with  their 
repetitions  they  constitute  nearly  half  of  all  the 
words  we  write." 

The  advantage  derived  from  reducing  the  out- 
lines for  these  most  common  words  as  much 
as  possible,  will  immediately  be  recognized  by 
the  stenographer. 

Standard  Shorthand  achieves  this  object  with 
the  least  mental  effort  on  behalf  of  the  writer. 
Far-reaching  rules,  covering  a  number  of  words 
at  the  same  time,  make  the  outlines  very  easy 
and  brief.    For  example: 

The  initial  consonant  may  be  dropped  in: 

61.  be,  been,  being,  they,  their-there,  go,  haze. 

The  vowel  may  be  dropped  in: 

62.  to,  what,  do,  had,  would,  did,  this,  those,  up, 
hope,  put,  by,  but,  brought,  can,  week,  could,  if, 
from,  half,  have,  beg,  great,  as-is,  has-his,  was, 
us,  she,  should,  wish,  are,  her,  here,  were,  where, 
all.  whole,  will,  each,  which,  huge,  in,  when, 
whence,  one,  once,  ani-me,  may-niy,  him,  whom, 
make. 

so 


The  most  frequent  words  are  given  special 
short  outlines,  as : 

63.    the,  a-an,  of,  on,  at,  it,  out,  than,  that,  or,  our, 
for,  before,  and,  with,  so,  also. 


READING  EXERCISE 

64.  Being  at  the  end  of  our  little  book,  let  us  talk 
about  travelling.  What  a  charm  lies  in  this  one 
word.  But  we  have  to  make  preparations  for  a 
journey.  We  must  make  out  the  route  from  the 
time-table  and  look  up  the  places  which  we  shall 
go  through  on  the  map.  When  our  trunks  are 
ready,  we  must  start  for  the  station  in  time.  If 
we  have  not  a  carriage,  we  take  a  cab  or  a 
hansom.  Trolley  cars  are  much  cheaper  than 
other  means  of  conveyance.  Arrived  at  the 
station,  we  have  to  pay  our  fare.  Where  do 
we  get  our  ticket?  At  the  booking-office.  We 
take  a  single  ticket,  a  return  ticket,  a  through- 
ticket,  or  a  circular  ticket.  Then  we  call  a 
porter  to  have  our  luggage  labeled.  If  we  have 
time  to  spare  and  wish  to  take  a  walk,  we  may 
leave  our  small  luggage  in  the  cloak-room. 
Having  some  time  left  before  the  train  will 
start,  we  go  into  the  waiting-room.  When  the 
train  comes  in,  we  go  out  and  wait  a  few 
minutes  till  it  stops.  Then  we  take  leave  of 
our  friends  or  people  at  home,  bidding  them 
farewell  and  shaking  hands  with  them,  get  in 
and  take  a  seat  in  a  compartment.  If  we  have 
to  change,  we  must  ask  the  guard.  When  our 
train  starts,  our  friends  will  call  to  us:  "A 
pleasant  journey!"  and  "Good-bye!" 

21 


7- 


T    y^     ^ 


22 


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o/*i-  < — -' 

-^,  ^ 

A^            A^ 

9. 

7  yec    1>  , 

^^  ^  2/  .^ 

'  l/..^^ 

//. 

^ /'^J;  ^  y^,  t^y 

/JL. 

h.y. 

/J. 

^  ^ 

-7 

^ . 

/ 


23 


Z^t   /^  ^  /- 


^ 


24 


l^  ^^t^-  zi/^^  ''^y  ■ 

zt^yj-.  7/;  ^72- 


25 


^%A.^:^^oy^  ^u^y 


5/  ^  ^  /^'    ^ 

if.  ^  ^r  — ^-^  — ^ 


26 


y 


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